An example is p-isopropyl-alpha.methyl hydrocinnamic alcohol. There is a strong indication that the chemical also possesses microbio-cidal properties. It is specifically recommended for reducing air-borne malodors, however. U.S. Patent 4,009,253 to the Monsanto Company avers that the ketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-2- pentanone is remarkably effective as a space deodorizer, even down to the de minimus level of 0.01 mg. per cubic meter of air. The product also worked well against such malodors as butyric acid (skunk), caproic acid (goat), indole (rotting meat) and isovaleraldehyde, which are challenging to many other deodorizers. 4-cyclohexyl-3-methyl-2-pentanone, isomeric, which is very similar in structure, exhibited no deodorizing ability. A number of chemicals are offered as zinc salts for surface (and indirectly) air deodorization. They include zinc oxide, zinc undecylenate, zinc omadine and zinc ricinoleate (Grillicen). Several appear to use the antimicrobial approach, killing organisms that create malodors. Others may work by absorbtion. For example, the Renuzit Super Odor Neutralizer is said to operate by encapsulating odors. If the composite is on a surface Polyester 5 (a film former) acts to bind it permanently to that substrate. It contains zinc ricinoleate. Deodorizers containing N-soya-N-ethyl morpholinium ethosulfate were first described by Niederl, et al in 1947, via U.S. Patent 2,417,992. Solutions of this compound and its N-cetyl- homolog have been marketed by Croda, Inc. since about 2007 (Forestall—35% in water, pH = 7.5 at 1%). The product burst into prominence in about 1955 when it became labeled as an active ingredient in several disinfectant-deodorizers (the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency later changed its status to inert). U.S. Patents as late as 1989 (4,851,214) still describe it as having “bacterial or chemical action” and as an aerosol space deodorizer functioning as a complexing agent for malodors and reducing their vapor pressure. In one test, a 2,225 cubic foot room was contaminated with tobacco smoke at three times the threshold level. Upon spraying 0.5% active levels of the N-soya compound to a level of about 0.18 ppm., the odorous intensity was immediately reduced by about 87%. In an equivalent study, now using amyl thiol (mercaptan), the malodor was quickly reduced by about 91%. Some test parameters were not presented, such as the aerosol formulation and mean particle diameter. One explanation for the deodorizing ability of the N-soya molecule is that the cyclic nitrogen (N) atom is surrounded by “electron sink” moieties, giving it a significant electropositive charge. As such, it can attract malodors where the low-valence nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) atoms exhibit electronegative charges. This causes them to lose their odorous identity and become attached to a large molecule having a very low vapor pressure. During recent years, Febreze air freshener products (Procter & Gamble Co.) have rescued air deodorizers and air sanitizers from economic doldrums and breathed new life into air fresheners in general. The marketing program is supported and protected by at least 17 U.S. Patents dating back to 1981. A common thread is the use of malodor binding agents, such as homopolymeric polyethylene imines (as Lupamine 5000 from BASF) and cyclodextrins composed of from six to 12 glucose units, e.g. beta-cyclodextrin. These polymers contain molecular cavities that can electronically trap malodors, forming inclusion complexes. Typical formulas contain a buffering agent—GLDA, Glutamic-N.N-diacetic acid—plus solubilizers, preservatives, wetting agents (Silwets), water and nitrogen propellant. Examples of quantitative formulations are provided in some of the patents. The principles of odor absorption are well known. They have been practiced for over 60 years, using Zeolytes 4, 5 and 13X in the production of essentially odorless hydrocarbon propellants. The uniquely formulated and packaged Febreze products include not only high-quality air fresheners, but sprays for rugs and upholstery and, most recently, small boxes that contain absorbtive ingredients for sustained air purification. Spray REFERENCES 1. International Encyclopaedia of Pressurized Packaging, A. Herzka. Pergamon Press, 1966. Pages 286-287 describe the mode of action of lauryl methacrylate. 2. U.S. Patent 5,714,137. Procter & Gamble air fresheners. 3. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2014/014709. Procter & Gamble air and inanimate surface fresheners. 4. U.S. Patent 8,629,,094 B2. Procter & Gamble; odor elimination for soft surfaces. 5. Forestall Odor Neutralizer. Croda, Inc. Bulletin HI-227 (27-JUN-2007). Describes test methods. October 2015 Spray 29
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