16 Spray August 2016 The efficacy of the aerosol form also changes during the life of the dispenser. Using the more recently developed and popular REACH 301 at 12%, efficacy is about 47% when the can is essentially 100% full, suppressed slightly by some “bounce-off” from the skin. With 50% dispensed, the efficacy rises to about 51%. This is due to less “bounce-off” and an increased concentration of REACH 301 since the vapor-tap valve has withdrawn some propellant. Finally, when about 90% of the product is dispensed the efficacy may be as low at about 38%. There is no “bounce-off” and a still higher level of REACH 301 in the can, but the lower pressure results in a lower delivery rate that overpowers the other two factors. These results are obtained when the propellant consists of a blend of higher and lower pressure components, as is almost always the case in the U.S. and Canada. Consumers are unaware of these minor variations. The remarkable increase from 3.5% to 10.0% ACH relates to two factors: the much lower density and delivery rate of the early 60% to 85% hydrocarbon aerosols and their poorer transport efficiency in getting the ACH to the skin and having it stick. The CFC formulas used CFC-11 as a carrier for the ACH. Since it boils at 74°F, any remaining on the skin would very quickly evaporate. The initial hydrocarbon formulas had no such carrier, except when iso-pentane was used for a while in South America, despite its obvious flammability. isopropyl myristate (IPM) to the aerosol formulas. This clear, odorless and skin compatible ingredient largely resolved the problem, but it sometimes created another by producing an unsightly, slightly yellow oil film on the underarm areas of shirts and blouses, often mistaken for sweat. Eventually, it was partly or totally replaced with a cyclomethicone. Originally, a mixture of Cyclomethicone D4/D5 was used, but the D4 compound was later implicated in a health issue, causing the industry to concentrate on D5 (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, B.P. = 219°C). It was sufficiently volatile that the oil-staining of underarm textiles was prevented. Amounts in the range of 20% to 30% were used for effective carrier performance. At the typical delivery rate of about 0.75 gram per second at 70°F and a two-second spray under each arm, about 0.30 to 0.35 gram of cyclomethicone would be deposited on each 20 to 30 square inch target site. REACH powders to hard-pack if the aerosol was allowed to stand quietly for more than a few hours. No amount of shaking would break up and disperse the hard, caked sediment, which also plugged the valve dip tube. A bulking FORMULATE CREATE Formulated Solutions offers the most streamlined turnkey Concept-to-Consumer CDMO solution in the industry. Specializing exclusively in Consumer Healthcare, Rx, OTC, Medical Device, Aerosol, BOV Aerosol and Semi-Solid manufacturing. Visit our website: www.formsol.com Sales Inquiry: websales@formsol.com Phone: 727-373-3970 INNOVATE The carrier problem was first approached by adding Still another challenge was the tendency of ACH and Aerosols and Foams • Pressurized Container Systems - Bag-On-Valve Airless & Metered-Dose • Plastic, Laminate and Metal Tubes Wipes & Sachets • Semi-Solids, Liquids, Pastes and Gels Vague de Fraîcheur’s Lactescence launched White AP/Deo Men and Women. The 48-hour formula comes in a can with a “suit” design for men and a “little white dress” design for women.
Spray August 2016
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